Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Serum of Breastfed Infants

Direct Evidence for the Presence of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in the Circulation of Breastfed Infants

BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) confer systemic health benefits to breastfed infants; however, plausible mechanisms for some effects, such as systemic immunomodulation, require HMOs to access the bloodstream of the developing infant. While small concentrations of HMOs have been detected in the urine of breastfed infants there are no published studies ...

Milk oligosaccharides and metabolism in infants.

Since the discovery of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) >60 y ago, research has faced major challenges including (i) the development of methods to identify and characterize these components, (ii) the need to use HMO fractions for functional studies because single HMO were not available, (iii) the uncertainty of the purity of HMO fractions that were often "contaminated" by remainders of lactose...

Oligosaccharides of Human Milk

Two new octasaccharides were isolated from human milk of a nonsecretor Lewis a+bindividual. Structural studies by sequential enzymic degradation and by quantitative methylation analysis revealed that their structures were as follows: Gal/31 + 3 (Fuccul + 4) GlcNAcPl + 3Gal/H -+ 4 (Fucal -+ 3) GlcNAcPl + 3Gal/31+ 4Glc, Gal/?1 + 4 (Fuccul -+ 3) GlcNAcj31 + 3Gal/31 -+ 4 (Fuccul -+ 3) GlcNAcj31 + 3...

IgG AND IgA SERUM ANTIBODIES TO COW MILK IN BREASTFED OR FORMULA FED HEALTHY INFANTS

Cow milk proteins belong to major food antigens in infancy. The aim of the study was to determine the levels of cow milk-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in healthy infants, both breastfed and formula fed, during the first six months of age. The initial levels of these antibodies were determined by ELISA in the cord blood samples of 75 healthy infants. Their concentrations were then determined d...

Immunological Factors in Breastfed Infants Allergic to Cow's Milk